HTTP原理

安装`nmap`

sudo apt-get install nmap

通过`TCP`测试`ncat`

同时打开两个命令窗口
- 左边的充当服务器,打开9999端口
  - ```
  ncat -l 9999
```
  Shell

右边访问本地服务器9999端口
- ```
ncat localhost 9999
```
  Shell
在左边窗口输入句子,右边可显示

模拟访问

架设第一台服务器

将自己所写的网页文件放入一个文件夹中
在控制台进入次文件夹
- ```
python3 -m http.server 9999
```
  Shell
  - 创建一个本地服务器

网页文件

如果是在自己的本地Linux电脑,可在浏览器直接输入:
- ```
http://localhost:9999
```
  Shell
  - 访问你所上传的网页
因我是使用的树莓派进行练习,通过ssh连接,所以需要在浏览器输入,树莓派的ip地址访问:
- ```
http://192.168.43.120:9999
```
  Shell

查看网页

请求查询

网页有访问时,服务器有相应操作记录

`localhost`与端口

利用host查看本地服务:
- ```
host localhost
```
  Shell

查看本地服务

端口
- http默认端口:80
- https默认端口:443

通过`ncat`手动`get`网页

在当前控制台保持服务器状态,打开新控制台
- ```
ncat 127.0.0.1 8000
```
  Shell

手动请求

在右侧输入:
- ```
GET /HTTP/1.1
```
  Shell
- 再输入:
  - ```
  Host: localhost
```
  Shell
- 敲两次回车确认

手动GET

状态码

1xx: 消息

100: Continue
101: Switching Protocols
102: Processing

2xx: 成功

200: OK
201: Created
202: Accepted
203: Non-Authoritative Information
204: No Content
205: Reset Content
206: Partial Content
207: Multi-Status
208: Already Reported
226: IM Used

3xx重定向

300: Multiple Choices
301: Moved Permanently
302: Found
303: See Other
304: Not Modified
305: Use Proxy
306: Switch Proxy
307: Temporary Redirect
308: Permanent Redirect

4xx客户端错误

400: Bad Request
401: Unauthorized
402: Payment Required
403: Forbidden
404: Not Found
405: Method Not Allowed
406: Not Acceptable
407: Proxy Authentication Required
408: Request Timeout
409: Conflict
410: Gone
411: Length Required
412: Precondition Failed
413: Request Entity Too Large
414: Request-URI Too Long
415: Unsupported Media Type
416: Requested Range Not Satisfiable
417: Expectation Failed
418: I'm a teapot
420: Enhance Your Caim
421: Misdirected Request
422: Unprocessable Entity
423: Locked
424: Failed Dependency
425: Unordered Collection
426: Upgrade Required
428: Precondition Required
429: Too Many Requests
431: Request Header Fields Too Large
444: No Response
450: Blocked by Windows Parental Controls
451: Unavailable For Legal Reasons
494: Request Header Too Large

5xx服务器错误

500: Internal Server Error
501: Not Implemented
502: Bad Gateway
503: Service Unavailable
504: Gateway Timeout
505: HTTP Version Not Supported
506: Variant Also Negotiates
507: Insufficient Storage
508: Loop Detected
510: Not Extended
511: Network Authentication Required

非官方状态码

420: Enhance Your Calm
498: Invalid Token
499: Token Required
520: Unknown Error
521: Web Server Is Down

将用户重定向

创建服务器
- ```
ncat -l 9999
```
  Shell
在浏览器访问此端口
- ```
http://localhost:9999
```
  Shell

重定向

在命令窗口输入:
- ```
HTTP/1.1 307 Temporary Redirect
Location: https://www.akitten.cn
```
  Shell
- 敲两次回车,进行重定向

通过class代替手动输入

from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler

class Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    def do_GET(self):
        self.send_response(200)
        self.send_header('Content_type','text/plain;charset=utf-8')
        self.end_headers()
        self.wfile.write("Hello every, I am chenxiao,I am a AI server~
".encode())

if __name__ == '__main__':
    server_address=('',9999)
    httpd=HTTPServer(server_address,Handler)
    httpd.serve_forever()

跑一下手写的服务

python3 文件.py

启动程序

浏览器访问

浏览器访问

搜索查询网址

网址分析

利用python将搜索的网址进行拆分

from urllib.parse import urlparse, parse_qs
#导入库
#复制网址
url = "https://cn.bing.com/search?q=%2B%E6%B2%89%E6%BD%87%E5%85%88%E7%94%9F%E6%83%B3%E5%90%83%E7%B3%96&qs=n&form=QBRE&sp=-1&pq=%2B%E6%B2%89%E6%BD%87%E5%85%88%E7%94%9Fx%27c%27t&sc=0-10&sk=&cvid=F8240A97F07E4D1A8D01FD24E57E758D"
parts = urlparse(url)
print(parts)
print(parts.query)
query = parse_qs(parts.query)
print(query)

ParseResult(scheme='https', netloc='cn.bing.com', path='/search', params='', query='q=%2B%E6%B2%89%E6%BD%87%E5%85%88%E7%94%9F%E6%83%B3%E5%90%83%E7%B3%96&qs=n&form=QBRE&sp=-1&pq=%2B%E6%B2%89%E6%BD%87%E5%85%88%E7%94%9Fx%27c%27t&sc=0-10&sk=&cvid=F8240A97F07E4D1A8D01FD24E57E758D', fragment='')
q=%2B%E6%B2%89%E6%BD%87%E5%85%88%E7%94%9F%E6%83%B3%E5%90%83%E7%B3%96&qs=n&form=QBRE&sp=-1&pq=%2B%E6%B2%89%E6%BD%87%E5%85%88%E7%94%9Fx%27c%27t&sc=0-10&sk=&cvid=F8240A97F07E4D1A8D01FD24E57E758D
{'q': ['+沉潇先生想吃糖'], 'qs': ['n'], 'form': ['QBRE'], 'sp': ['-1'], 'pq': ["+沉潇先生x'c't"], 'sc': ['0-10'], 'cvid': ['F8240A97F07E4D1A8D01FD24E57E758D']}

安装nmap

通过TCP测试ncat

架设第一台服务器

localhost与端口

通过ncat手动get网页

状态码

1xx: 消息

2xx: 成功

3xx重定向

4xx客户端错误

5xx服务器错误

非官方状态码

将用户重定向

通过class代替手动输入

跑一下手写的服务

搜索查询网址

安装`nmap`

通过`TCP`测试`ncat`

`localhost`与端口

通过`ncat`手动`get`网页